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Disorders - V
Volatile inhalant withdrawal
Volatile inhalant abstinência is a clinically significant cluster of symptoms, behaviours and/or physiological features, varying in degree of severity and duration, that occurs upon cessation or reduction of uso of volatile inhalants in individuals who have developed Volatile inhalant dependência or have used volatile inhalants for a prolonged period or in large amounts. Presenting features of Volatile inhalant abstinência may include insomnia, anxiety, irritability, dysphoric mood, shakiness, perspiration, nausea, and transient illusions.
Volatile inhalant dependence
Volatile inhalant dependência is a transtorno of regulation of volatile inhalant uso arising from repeated or continuous uso of volatile inhalants. The characteristic feature is a strong internal drive to uso volatile inhalants, which is manifested by impaired ability to control uso, increasing priority given to uso over other activities and persistence of uso despite harm or negative consequences. These experiences are often accompanied by a subjective sensation of urge or craving to uso volatile inhalants. Physiological features of dependência may also be present, including tolerance to the effects of volatile inhalants, abstinência symptoms following cessation or reduction in uso of volatile inhalants, or repeated uso of volatile inhalants or pharmacologically similar substances to prevent or alleviate abstinência symptoms. The features of dependência are usually evident over a period of at least 12 months but the diagnosis may be made if volatile inhalant uso is continuous (daily or almost daily) for at least 3 months.
Volatile inhalant dependence, current use
atual volatile inhalant dependência com volatile inhalant uso within the past month.
Volatile inhalant dependence, early full remission
After a diagnosis of volatile inhalant dependência, and often following a treatment episódio or other intervention (including self-help intervention), the individual has been abstinent from volatile inhalants during a period lasting between1 and 12 months.
Volatile inhalant dependence, sustained full remission
After a diagnosis of Volatile inhalant dependência, and often following a treatment episódio or other intervention (including self-intervention), the person has been abstinent from volatile inhalants for 12 months or longer.
Volatile inhalant dependence, sustained partial remission
After a diagnosis of Volatile inhalant dependência, and often following a treatment episódio or other intervention (including self-help intervention), there is a significant reduction in volatile inhalant consumption for more than 12 months, such that even though intermittent or continuing volatile inhalant uso has occurred during this period, the definitional requirements for dependência have not been met.
Volatile inhalant intoxication
Volatile inhalant intoxicação is a clinically significant transient condition that develops during or shortly after the consumption of a volatile inhalant that is characterised by disturbances in consciousness, cognition, perception, affect, behaviour, or coordination. These disturbances are caused by the known pharmacological effects of volatile inhalants and their intensity is closely related to the amount of volatile inhalant consumed. They are time-limited and abate as the volatile inhalant is cleared from the body. Presenting features may include euphoria, impaired judgment, aggression, somnolence, stupor or coma, dizziness, tremor, lack of coordination, slurred speech, unsteady gait, lethargy and apathy, psychomotor retardation, and visual disturbances. Muscle weakness and diplopia may occur. uso of volatile inhalants may cause cardiac arrhythmia, cardiac arrest, and death. Inhalants containing lead (e.g. some forms of petrol/gasoline) may cause confusion, irritability, coma and seizures.
Volatile inhalant-induced anxiety disorder
Volatile inhalant-induced anxiety transtorno is characterised by anxiety symptoms (e.g., apprehension or worry, fear, physiological symptoms of excessive autonomic arousal, avoidance behaviour) that develop during or soon after intoxicação com or abstinência from volatile inhalants. The intensity or duration of the symptoms is substantially in excess of anxiety symptoms that are characteristic of Volatile inhalant intoxicação or Volatile inhalant abstinência. The amount and duration of volatile inhalant uso must be capable of producing anxiety symptoms. The symptoms are not better explained by a primary mental transtorno (e.g., an Anxiety and Fear-Related transtorno, a Depressive transtorno com prominent anxiety symptoms), as might be the case if the anxiety symptoms preceded the onset of the volatile inhalant uso, if the symptoms persist for a substantial period of time after cessation of the volatile inhalant uso or abstinência, or if there is other evidence of a pre-existing primary mental transtorno com anxiety symptoms (e.g., a history of prior episodes not associated com volatile inhalant uso).
Volatile inhalant-induced delirium
Volatile inhalant-induced Delirium is characterised by an acute state of disturbed attention and awareness com specific features of Delirium that develops during or soon after substance intoxicação or abstinência or during the uso of volatile inhalants. The amount and duration of volatile inhalant uso must be capable of producing Delirium. The symptoms are not better explained by a primary mental transtorno, by uso of or abstinência from a different substance, or by another health condition that is not classified under Mental, behavioural and Transtornos do neurodesenvolvimento.
Volatile inhalant-induced mood disorder
Volatile inhalant-induced mood transtorno is characterised by mood symptoms (e.g., depressed or elevated mood, decreased engagement in pleasurable activities, increased or decreased energy levels) that develop during or soon after intoxicação com or abstinência from volatile inhalants. The intensity or duration of the symptoms is substantially in excess of mood disturbances that are characteristic of Volatile inhalant intoxicação or Volatile inhalant abstinência. The amount and duration of volatile inhalant uso must be capable of producing mood symptoms. The symptoms are not better explained by a primary mental transtorno (e.g., a Depressive transtorno, a Bipolar transtorno, Transtorno esquizoafetivo), as might be the case if the mood symptoms preceded the onset of the volatile inhalant uso, if the symptoms persist for a substantial period of time after cessation of the volatile inhalant uso or abstinência, or if there is other evidence of a pre-existing primary mental transtorno com mood symptoms (e.g., a history of prior episodes not associated com volatile inhalant uso).
Volatile inhalant-induced psychotic disorder
Volatile inhalant-induced psychotic transtorno is characterised by psychotic symptoms (e.g. delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, grossly disorganized behaviour) that develop during or soon after intoxicação com or abstinência from volatile inhalants. The intensity or duration of the symptoms is substantially in excess of psychotic-like disturbances of perception, cognition, or behaviour that are characteristic of Volatile inhalant intoxicação or Volatile inhalant abstinência. The amount and duration of volatile inhalant uso must be capable of producing psychotic symptoms. The symptoms are not better explained by a primary mental transtorno (e.g. Esquizofrenia, a Mood transtorno com psychotic symptoms), as might be the case if the psychotic symptoms preceded the onset of the volatile inhalant uso, if the symptoms persist for a substantial period of time after cessation of the volatile inhalant uso or abstinência, or if there is other evidence of a pre-existing primary mental transtorno com psychotic symptoms (e.g. a history of prior episodes not associated com volatile inhalant uso).
Voyeuristic disorder
Voyeuristic transtorno is characterised by a sustained, focused and intense padrão of sexual arousal—as manifested by persistent sexual thoughts, fantasies, urges, or behaviours—that involves observing an unsuspecting individual who is naked, in the process of disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity. In addition, in order for Voyeuristic transtorno to be diagnosed, the individual must have acted on these thoughts, fantasies or urges or be markedly distressed by them. Voyeuristic transtorno specifically excludes consensual voyeuristic behaviours that occur com the consent of the person or persons being observed.