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Disorders - R
Rapid cycling
In the context of bipolar type I or Transtorno bipolar tipo II, there has been a high frequency of mood episodes (at least four) over the past 12 months. There may be a switch from one polarity of mood to the other, or the mood episodes may be demarcated by a period of remissão. In individuals com a high frequency of mood episodes, some may have a shorter duration than those usually observed in bipolar type I or Transtorno bipolar tipo II. In particular, depressive periods may only last several days. If depressive and manic symptoms alternate very rapidly (i.e., from day to day or within the same day), a mixed episódio should be diagnosed rather than rapid cycling.
Rumination-regurgitation disorder
Rumination-regurgitation transtorno is characterised by the intentional and repeated bringing up of previously swallowed food back to the mouth (i.e., regurgitation), which may be re-chewed and re-swallowed (i.e. rumination), or may be deliberately spat out (but not as in vomiting). The regurgitation behaviour is frequent (at least several times per week) and sustained over a period of at least several weeks. The regurgitation behaviour is not fully accounted for by another medical condition that directly causes regurgitation (e.g., oesophageal strictures or neuromuscular transtornos affecting oesophageal functioning) or causes nausea or vomiting (e.g. pyloric stenosis). Rumination-regurgitation transtorno should only be diagnosed in individuals who have reached a developmental age of at least 2 years.