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Disorders - B
Behavioural or psychological disturbances in dementia
In addition to the cognitive disturbances characteristic of Demência, the atual clinical picture includes clinically significant behavioural or psychological disturbances.
Bodily distress disorder
Bodily distress transtorno is characterised by the presence of bodily symptoms that are distressing to the individual and excessive attention directed toward the symptoms, which may be manifest by repeated contact com health care providers. If another health condition is causing or contributing to the symptoms, the degree of attention is clearly excessive in relation to its nature and progression. Excessive attention is not alleviated by appropriate clinical examination and investigations and appropriate reassurance. Bodily symptoms are persistent, being present on most days for at least several months. Typically, bodily distress transtorno involves multiple bodily symptoms that may vary over time. Occasionally there is a single symptom—usually pain or fatigue—that is associated com the other features of the transtorno. The symptoms and associated distress and preoccupation have at least some impact on the individual’s functioning (e.g. strain in relationships, less effective academic or occupational functioning, abandonment of specific leisure activities).
Body integrity dysphoria
Body integrity dysphoria is characterised by an intense and persistent desire to become physically disabled in a significant way (e.g. major limb amputee, paraplegic, blind), com onset by early adolescence accompanied by persistent discomfort, or intense feelings of inappropriateness concerning atual non-disabled body configuration. The desire to become physically disabled results in nocivo consequences, as manifested by either the preoccupation com the desire (including time spent pretending to be disabled) significantly interfering com productivity, com leisure activities, or com social functioning (e.g. person is unwilling to have a close relationship because it would make it difficult to pretend) or by attempts to actually become disabled having resulted in the person putting his or her health or life in significant jeopardy. The disturbance is not better accounted for by another mental, behavioural or neurodevelopmental transtorno, by a Disease of the Nervous System or by another medical condition, or by Malingering.
Body-focused repetitive behaviour disorders
Body focused repetitive behaviour transtornos are characterised by recurrent and habitual actions directed at the integument (e.g. hair-pulling, skin-picking, lip-biting), typically accompanied by unsuccessful attempts to decrease or stop the behaviour involved, and which lead to dermatological sequelae (e.g., hair loss, skin lesions, lip abrasions). The behaviour may occur in brief episodes scattered throughout the day or in less frequent but more sustained periods. The symptoms result in significant distress or significant impairment in personal, family, social, educational, occupational or other important areas of functioning.
Bulimia Nervosa
Bulimia nervosa is characterised by frequent, recurrent episodes of binge eating (e.g. once a week or more over a period of at least one month). A binge eating episódio is a distinct period of time during which the individual experiences a subjective loss of control over eating, eating notably more or differently than usual, and feels unable to stop eating or limit the type or amount of food eaten. Binge eating is accompanied by repeated inappropriate compensatory behaviours aimed at preventing weight gain (e.g. self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives or enemas, strenuous exercise). The individual is preoccupied com body shape or weight, which strongly influences self-evaluation. There is marked distress about the padrão of binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviour or significant impairment in personal, family, social, educational, occupational or other important areas of functioning. The individual does not meet the diagnostic requirements of Anorexia nervosa.