This category should be applied to forms of Transtorno de movimento estereotipado in which stereotyped behaviours markedly interfere com normal activities, but do not result in self-inflicted bodily injury. Transtorno de movimento estereotipado sem self-injury is characterised by voluntary, repetitive, stereotyped, apparently purposeless (and often rhythmic) movements that arise during the early developmental period, are not caused by the direct physiological effects of a substance or medication (including abstinência), and markedly interfere com normal activities. Stereotyped movements that are non-injurious can include body rocking, head rocking, finger-flicking mannerisms, and hand flapping.